Types Of Network Topology

Types Of Network Topology - Network topology in telecommunications is a way of connecting telecommunications equipment to one another to form a network. In a telecommunications network, the type of topology selected will affect the speed of communication. For that it is necessary to observe the advantages / benefits and drawbacks / disadvantages of each - each topology based on its characteristics.
Topology types:

BUS Topology
Star Topology
Ring Topology
Mesh Topology
Topology Extended Star
Hierarchical Topology

Bus Topology
This bus topology is often also referred to as the backbone topology, where there is a coaxial cable that is created then several computers connected to the cable.
Simply put on a bus topology, a cable transmission medium is created from end to end, and then both ends closed with "terminator" or terminating-resistance (usually in the form of an electrical resistance of about 60 ohms).

At some point held connection (tap) for each terminal.
The realization of this tap could be a "wired transceiver" when used "thick coax" as the transmission medium.
Or in the form of "BNC T-connector" when used "thin coax" as the transmission medium.
Or in the form of connector "RJ-45" ​​and "hub" when used UTP cable.
Data transmission in the cable is "full duplex", and its "broadcast", all terminals can receive data transmission.

A protocol will regulate the transmission and reception of data, the Ethernet protocol or CSMA / CD.
Use of coax cable (10Base5 and 10Base2) standardized in IEEE 802.3.

See that in each segment (span) there is a limit cable is needed "Repeater" to connect the cable segments.

BUS Topology Characteristics
Nodes - the nodes are connected in series along the cable, and on both ends of the cable are closed with a terminator.
Very simple installation
Very economical in cost.
Data packets intersect each other at a cord
Not required hub, which is much needed is Tconnector on each Ethernet card.
Problems that often occur is if one node is damaged, then the whole network may be down, so that the entire node can not communicate on the network.

BUS Topology Advantages
Topology simple
Cables used little to connect computers or other equipment
The cost is cheaper compared to other wiring arrangement.
Easy enough if we want to expand the network in a bus topology.

BUS Topology loss
Traffic will greatly slow down the crowded bus.
Each barrel connector is used as a link weakens the electrical signals are sent, and most will block the signal to be received correctly.
Very difficult to troubleshoot on the bus.
Slower than the other topologies.

At the end of the second bus topology network must be terminated with a terminator. Barrel connector may be used to expand it. Network consists of only one cable channels that use BNC cable. Computer that wants to connect to the network interchangeable linking himself with his men Ethernet tap along the cable.
Bus network installation is very simple, inexpensive and a maximum of 5-7 computers. The difficulty often encountered is the possibility of data collisions because the network is relatively simple mechanism and if one node breaks it will interfere with the performance and traffic throughout the network.

Summary
This bus topology is often also referred to as the backbone topology, where there is a coaxial cable that is created then several computers connected to the cable. Simply put on a bus topology, a cable transmission medium is created from end to end, and then both ends closed with "terminator" or terminating- resistance (usually in the form of an electrical resistance of about 60 ohms).

Mesh Network Topology
Main components Forming Mesh Network Topology
The main components are usually used in a mesh network topology is Digital Cross Connect (DXC) with one or more of the two signals aggregate, and the level of cross-connect (crossover connection) that vary in the level of SDH signals.

The mesh network topology relationship between central apply in full. The number of these channels should be prepared to form a mesh network topology is a central number minus 1 (n-1, where n is the number of central).

Level of difficulty contained in a mesh network topology is comparable with the increasing number of central installed. So we can know that in addition to less economical also relatively expensive to operate.

The characteristics of a mesh network topology Internet Concept
No client server, it could act as a client and server Peer to peer
Mesh simplest form is a two-dimensional array where each node is interconnected with all four neighbors.
The diameter of a mesh that simple communication is 2 (n-1)


Wraparraound connections at end portions will reduce the size of the diameter to 2 (n / s).
Mesh topology is suitable for matters relating to the matrix-oriented algorithms.

Characteristics Topology MESH
Mesh topology having redundant connections between pieces of equipment of existing equipment.
The arrangement on any existing equipment in the network are connected to each other.
if the number of connected equipment very much, of course, it will be very difficult to control compared to only a few devices are connected.

Topology advantage MESH
The main advantage of using mesh topology is fault tolerance.
Ensuring the communication channel capacity, because it has a relationship excess.
Performed relatively easier to troubleshoot.


Topology loss MESH
The difficulty at the time of installation and reconfiguration when the number of computers and devices that connect increasing numbers.
The huge costs to maintain a relationship excess.


Summary
This network topology relationship between the central implementing in full. The number of channels should be provided to form a mesh network is a central number minus 1 (n-1, n = number of central).
The complexity of a network is proportional to the increasing number of central installed. Thus in addition to less economical also relatively expensive to operate.

MESH topology built by putting a lot of links on each computer. This is possible because each computer there is more than one NIC. This topology is theoretically possible but not practical and cost is quite high.

Main components Forming Mesh Network Topology
The main components are usually used in a mesh network topology is Digital Cross Connect (DXC) with one or more of the two signals aggregate, and the level of cross-connect (crossover connection) that vary in the level of SDH signals.
The mesh network topology relationship between central apply in full. The number of these channels should be prepared to form a mesh network topology is a central number minus 1 (n-1, where n is the number of central).

Level of difficulty contained in a mesh network topology is comparable with the increasing number of central installed. So we can know that in addition to less economical also relatively expensive to operate.

The characteristics of a mesh network topology Internet Concept
No client server, it could act as a client and server Peer to peer
Mesh simplest form is a two-dimensional array where each node is interconnected with all four neighbors.
The diameter of a mesh that simple communication is 2 (n-1)

Wraparraound connections at end portions will reduce the size of the diameter to 2 (n / s).
Mesh topology is suitable for matters relating to the matrix-oriented algorithms.



Characteristics Topology MESH
Mesh topology having redundant connections between pieces of equipment of existing equipment.
The arrangement on any existing equipment in the network are connected to each other.
if the number of connected equipment very much, of course, it will be very difficult to control compared to only a few devices are connected.
Topology advantage MESH
The main advantage of using mesh topology is fault tolerance.
Ensuring the communication channel capacity, because it has a relationship excess.
Performed relatively easier to troubleshoot.

Topology loss MESH
The difficulty at the time of installation and reconfiguration when the number of computers and devices that connect increasing numbers.
The huge costs to maintain a relationship excess.

Summary
This network topology relationship between the central implementing in full. The number of channels should be provided to form a mesh network is a central number minus 1 (n-1, n = number of central).
The complexity of a network is proportional to the increasing number of central installed. Thus in addition to less economical also relatively expensive to operate.

MESH topology built by putting a lot of links on each computer. This is possible because each computer there is more than one NIC.Topologi in theory allows but not practical and cost is quite high. Mesh topology has a high level of redundancy.

Topology HIERARCHY
Shaped like a branching tree which consists of a host computer (host) connected to the node or another node in stages, the higher level functions as a regulator of employment levels below it, usually this topology is used by a large company or a large institution that has several branches, regions, thereby the data can be distributed from the center to the branch or vice versa.

The use of the network hierarchy
Hierarchical network model was chosen to design a LAN network as easily be used to cultivate and expand a network so as to facilitate the formation of such networks.

Form a hierarchical network model
Hierarchical network designs divide the network into several layers that resemble the shape of a tree. Each layer provides specific functions that define its role in the overall network. By separating the various functions in the network, then the network becomes a modular design, which facilitates scalability and performance. Hierarchical topology consists of three layers, namely: access, distribution, and core.

Access Layer
The interface layer access to end devices, such as PCs, printers, and IP telephones, to provide access to all networks. This layer provides network aksess for user / workgroup and control access and end users local to the Internetwork. what is internet

Often called the desktop layer. Resource is most needed by the user will be provided locally. The continuation of the use of access lists and filter, place of manufacture separate collision domains (segmentation). Ethernet switching technology as seen in this layer as well as a place to do static routing. This layer can connect routers, switches, bridges, hubs, and wireless access points. The main purpose of the access layer is to provide a means for connecting the device to a network and control which devices are allowed to communicate on the network.
ACCESS Layer Features
Port security
VLANs
Fast Ethernet / Gigabit Ethernet
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
Link aggregation
Quality of Service (QoS)

Distribution Layer

Distribution layer aggregated data received from the access layer is active before it is sent to the core layer for routing to the final destination. Distribution layer controls the flow of network traffic with the supervision and planning are done by the broadcast domain routing functions between virtual LANs (VLANs) are set at the access layer. VLANs allow to classify traffic on the switch into  subnetworks. Its main function is routing, filtering, access, WAN, and define the core access layer if necessary. Local Area Network Definition
DISTRIBUTION Layer Features
Layer 3 Support
High forwarding rate
Gigabit Ethernet / 10Gigabit Ethernet
Redundant components
Security policies / Access Control Lists
Link Aggregation
QoS

Core Layer
Core Layer hierarchical design is a high-speed backbone of the internetwork. Core Layer is essential for interconnectivity between distribution layer devices, so it is important for core availability and redundancy. Area cores also can connect to the Internet. Core aggregation of traffic of all distribution layer devices, so as to be able to pass large amounts of data quickly. This layer is responsible for sending traffic accurately and reliably, the aim is simply downloading switch traffic as fast as possible (influenced by the speed and latency). Failure in the core layer and the design of fault tolerance for this level can be made as follows:

Not to do:
not allowed to use the access list, packet filtering, or VLAN routing.
are not allowed to support workgroup access.
not allowed to expand the network with the speed and larger capacity.

That can be done:
perform design for high reliability (FDDI, Fast Ethernet with redundant link or ATM).
do the design for speed and low latency.
use routing protocols with low convergence time.
CORE Layer Features
Layer 3 Support
Very high forwarding rate
Gigabit Ethernet / 10Gigabit Ethernet
Redundant components
Link Aggregation
QoS

Advantages Network Hierarchy:
Scalability: the network hierarchy can be expanded / developed more easily
Redundancy: ensuring the availability of pathway at the level of core and
distribution
Performance: performance switches at the core and distribution layer
more reliable (link aggregation)
Security: port security on the level of access and rules on the level
make the network more secure distribution
Manageability: consistency between the switches at each level makes management easier
Maintainability: design modularity allows network hierarchy is divided without adding complexity

Principles of Network Design Hierarchy

Network Diameter: the number of switches in a transmission line between two points of the device.
Bandwidth Aggregation: how to implement a combination of multiple paths between two switches into a single logical link
Redundant Links: used to ensure network availability through several possible paths

ADVANTAGES
Centralized data hierarchically so that better data management and easy
Controlled; Easily developed into a wider network;
DEFICIENCY
Computer underneath can not dioprasikan if the cable on the upper level computer is disconnected;
Collisions can occur file (collision)

Summary
Shaped like a branching tree which consists of a host computer (host) connected to the node or another node in stages, a higher level of work serves as pengetur levels below it, this topology is usually used by large businesses or large organizations that have multiple branch area.